Category:References
From CKN Knowledge in Practice Centre
Pages in category "References"
The following 200 pages are in this category, out of 253 total.
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- Reference - Effect of tool design on thermal management in composites processing
- Reference - Resin Transfer Moulding
- Reference - A technique for the measurement of process-induced internal stresses in polymers and polymer composites
- Reference - Explaining Spring-In in Filament Wound Carbon Fiber/Epoxy Composites
- Reference - A zone-based approach to predict process-induced distortions of composite structures based on a 'spring-in reference curve’
- Reference - Design and analysis of a compressional molded carbon composite wheel center
- Reference - Composite Materials Handbook 17 - Polymer Matrix Composites; Guidelines for Characterization of Structural Materials
- Reference - Composite Materials Handbook 17 - Polymer Matrix Composites; Materials Usage, Design and Analysis
- Reference - Specification for Temperature-Electromotive Force (emf) Tables for Standardized Thermocouples
- Reference - Effect of Particle Shape on Thermal Conductivity of Copper Reinforced Polymer Composites
- Reference - Shelf Life and Storage of Composite Materials
- Reference - Analysis of cure induced deformation of CFRP U-shaped laminates
- Reference - Composites Manufacturing materials, product and processing engineering
- Reference - A modified layer removal analysis for the determination of internal stresses in polymer composites
- Reference - Outgassing Data for Selecting Spacecraft Materials
- Reference - Composite Materials Science and Engineering
- Reference - Fabrication methods
- Reference - Fire-safe composites for mass transit vehicles
- Reference - Handbook : FAA Fire Safety
1
- Reference - Causes and remedies for porosity in composite manufacturing
- Reference - Spring-in and warpage of angled composite laminates
- Reference - Controlled atmospheric pressure resin infusion process
- Reference - CCMRD 9.2 Dimensional Control for Large Complex Aerospace Structures Phase 2. Final Report
- Reference - An Investigation of Autoclave Convective Heat Transfer
- Reference - Blue M 146 Series Standard Mechanical Convection Oven
- Reference - Components of manufacturing distortion in carbon fiber/epoxy angle brackets
- Reference - Thermal cameras and applications: a survey
- Reference - A Framework for Formalizing Science Based Composites Manufacturing Practice
- Reference - Process induced deformation of composite materials: an experimental methodology, systematic review and meta-analysis
- Reference - Frequency dependent heat capacity in the cure of epoxy resins
- Reference - Thornel T650/35 product data sheet
- Reference - Tensile testing composites: Simple concept, difficult in practice
- Reference - Separation of Process Induced Distortions in Curved Composite Laminates
- Reference - A Critical Analysis of Crack Propagation Laws
- Reference - Isolating Components of Processing Induced Warpage in Laminated Composites
- Reference - Warping in advanced composite tools with varying angles and radii
- Reference - Stresses and deformations induced during manufacturing. Part I: Theoretical analysis of composite cylinders and shells
- Reference - Separating sources of manufacturing distortion in laminated composites
- Reference - Void Effects on the Interlaminar Shear Strength of Unidirectional Graphite-Fiber-Reinforced Composites
- Reference - Materials Selection in Mechanical Design
2
- Reference - Thermal-vacuum response of polymer matrix composites in space
- Reference - Prediction of failure thermal cycles in graphite/epoxy composite materials under simulated low earth orbit environments
- Reference - Compression molding of long chopped fiber thermoplastic composites
- Reference - Thermocouple wire
- Reference - Uncertainty in the manufacturing of fibrous thermosetting composites: A review
- Reference - Towpreg manufacturing and characterization for filament winding application
- Reference - An Overview of the SCRIMP ™ Technology
- Reference - Epoxy Shelf Life
- Reference - Hand layup: understanding the manual process
- Reference - Composites Manufacturing - Materials, Product, and Process Engineering
- Reference - Out-of-autoclave prepregs Hype or revolution
- Reference - Ovens for Curing, Baking, and Stripping
- Reference - Discovery TMA Brochure
- Reference - Thermal Modeling Validation Techniques for Thermoset Polymer Matrix Composites
- Reference - How to Choose Composite Core Materials for Your Application
- Reference - Benchmarks for membrane and bending analysis of laminated shells
- Reference - Vacuum Infusion Equipment and Methods - Part One - Fibre Glast
- Reference - Measurements of heat transfer coefficients within convection ovens
- Reference - Design and analysis of structural joints with composite materials
3
- Reference - Process-induced shape distortions in aerospace thermoplastic composites
- Reference - Olin Epoxy Resins Product Stewardship Manual (Form No. 296-02176-0119PI)
- Reference - Experimental observations of the spring-in phenomenon
- Reference - Aspects of Flow and Compaction of Laminated Composites Shapes During Cure
- Reference - Spring-in analysis of CFRP thin laminates: numerical and experimental results
- Reference - A review of out-of-autoclave prepregs - Material properties, process phenomena, and manufacturing considerations
- Reference - Porosity reduction using optimized flow velocity in Resin Transfer Molding
- Reference - Cure cycle development and qualification for thick-section composites
- Reference - Time-dependent behavior with gel formation or curing
- Reference - Critical property characterization and fabrication of CYCOM® 5320-1 T40-800B unitape for non-autoclave manufacturing of primary aerospace structure
- Reference - A Machine Learning Framework for Real-time Inverse Modeling and Multi-objective Process Optimization of Composites for Active Manufacturing Control
- Reference - ASM Handbook Volume 21: Composites
- Reference - Negative temperature coefficient resistance (NTCR) ceramic thermistors: an industrial perspective
- Reference - Cure shrinkage characterization of an epoxy resin system by two in situ measurement methods
- Reference - Evaluation of the tensor polynomial and Hoffman strength theories for composite materials
4
- Reference - Manufacturing of Polymer Composites
- Reference - Composition and structure of balsa (Ochroma pyramidale) wood
- Reference - The measurement and prediction of residual stresses in carbon-fibre/polymer composites
- Reference - Open Cell & Closed Cell Foams Keys to Making the Right Selection
- Reference - The influence of particles on suspension rheology
- Reference - Scaling crucial to integrated product development of composite aerospace structures. Part 1
- Reference - Spiral Tubing for Resin Infusion _ ACP Composites
- Reference - MatWeb: Online Materials Information Resource
- Reference - Thermal Conductivities of Unidirectional Materials
- Reference - Engineering Mechanics of Composite Materials
- Reference - Stresses and deformations induced during manufacturing. Part II: A study of the spring-in phenomenon
- Reference - An overview of mechanical and physical testing of composite materials
- Reference - Process distortions in prepreg manufacturing – An experimental study on CFRP L-profiles
- Reference - Desert
- Reference - Committed Costs vs. Uncertainty in New Product Development. Working Paper WP-1993-02-01
5
- Reference - Understanding the Origins of Defects and Variability in Composites Manufacture
- Reference - Experimental and numerical study of the effect of cure cycle, tool surface, geometry, and lay-up on the dimensional fidelity of autoclave-processed composite parts
- Reference - Peel Ply Explained and When to Use Each Style - Part 2 - Composite Envisions
- Reference - Automated Fiber Placement Path Planning: A state-of-the-art review
- Reference - Experimental and numerical study of distortion in flat, L-shaped, and U-shaped carbon fiber-epoxy composite parts
- Reference - MatWeb: Online Materials Information Resource
- Reference - Plastics and Composites Processing
- Reference - Wind heat transfer coefficient in solar collectors in outdoor conditions
- Reference - Thermomechanical and spectroscopic characterization of natural fibre composites
- Reference - Liquid flow in molds with prelocated fiber mats
- Reference - Convection heat transfer, fourth edition
- Reference - Handbook of Composites
- Reference - ASM Handbook: Aluminum Science and Technology
6
- Reference - Thermal Analysis of Polymers: Fundamentals and Applications
- Reference - Honeycomb Technology Materials, Design, Manufacturing, Applications and Testing
- Reference - Process-Induced Stress and Deformation in Thick-Section Thermoset Composite Laminates
- Reference - Vacuum Bagging Techniques
- Reference - Materials & Processes: Tooling for composites
- Reference - 50 Years of Composites: Past Present & Future
- Reference - Controlling Exotherm
- Reference - Measuring and modeling the thermal conductivities of three-dimensionally woven fabric composites
- Reference - RTP-1: a standard for reinforced plastic corrosion-resistant equipment
- Reference - ‘But How Can We Make Something Useful Out of Black String?’ The Development of Carbon Fibre Composites Manufacturing (1965–2015)
- Reference - Tooling considerations
- Reference - ASTM D3039: Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials
7
- Reference - Curing in Thick Composite Laminates: Experiment and Simulation
- Reference - Thermocouple Response Time
- Reference - A high temperature apparatus for measurement of the Seebeck coefficient
- Reference - Polypropylene: The Definitive User's Guide and Databook
- Reference - Rules for classification of high speed and light craft
- Reference - An Introduction to Transport Phenomena in Materials Engineering
- Reference - Chopped prepregs - A compelling performance and cost alternative material form
- Reference - Wire Color Codes and Limits of Error
- Reference - Semi-analytical spring-in analysis to counteract CFRP manufacturing deformations by tool compensation
- Reference - Suppliers for Presses, compression molding
- Reference - Composite technology: prepregs and monolithic part fabrication technologies
- Reference - Mechanical performance of polyvinyl acetate (PVA)-based biocomposites
- Reference - Technology review of thermal forming techniques for use in composite component manufacture
- Reference - Epoxy Resin Storage Best Practices for Maximizing Shelf Life
8
- Reference - Manufacturing Processes for Advanced Composites
- Reference - Composite materials handbook, volume 1–polymer matrix composites guidelines for characterization of structural materials
- Reference - D.E.R. 330 Liquid Epoxy Resin (Form No. 296-01457-0310X-TD)
- Reference - Types of thermocouples
- Reference - Effect of water absorption on the mechanical properties of hemp fibre reinforced unsaturated polyester composites
- Reference - Composites Applications Guide
- Reference - Experimental and numerical study of distortion in flat, L-shaped, and U-shaped carbon fiber-epoxy composite parts
- Reference - Experimental characterisation and evaluation of the thermo-physical properties of expanded perlite—Fumed silica composite for effective vacuum insulation panel (VIP) core
- Reference - Choosing the right vacuum pump - Buying Guides DirectIndustry
- Reference - Process Simulated Laminate (PSL) : A Methodology to Internal Stress Characterization in Advanced Composite Materials
- Reference - Characterization and analysis of flow behavior in the FASTRAC process for the manufacture of sandwich and core composite structures
- Reference - Residual Stress, Spring-in and Warpage in Autoclaved Composite Parts
9
- Reference - Cure Kinetics Modelling and Cure Shrinkage
- Reference - Dimensional accuracy of thermoset composites: Simulation of process-induced residual stresses
- Reference - Thermoset Compression Mold Design Tips
- Reference - Tool–part interaction in composites processing. Part I: experimental investigation and analytical model
- Reference - Spiral Wrap For Vacuum Infusion 1_2_ OD x 3_8_ ID
- Reference - Effect of Half Gap / Overlap Defects on the Strength of Composite Structures Fabricated with Automated Fiber Placement Methods
- Reference - Heat transfer coefficients on cakes baked in a tunnel type industrial oven
- Reference - Processability of Polymeric Composites
- Reference - Effect of cure cycle on temperature/degree of cure field and hardness for epoxy resin
- Reference - Polyethylene vacuum tubing, spiral wrap & consumables for infusion
- Reference - Residual stress development during processing of graphite/epoxy composites
- Reference - Fundamentals of composites manufacturing : materials, methods and applications
- Reference - An integrated model of the development of process-induced deformation in autoclave processing of composite structures
- Reference - Thermal energy transport within porous polymer materials: Effects of fiber characteristics
- Reference - Chemistry for Scientists and Engineers
- Reference - Sintering With External Pressure
A
- Reference - Heat and Mass Transfer
- Reference - Dow Liquid Epoxy Resins (Form No. 296-00224-0199 WC+M)
- Reference - Simple Techniques for Thermal Analysis of the Processing of Composite Structures
- Reference - Autoclave Processing
- Reference - Spring-in of curved CFRP/foam-core sandwich structures
- Reference - Wind induced heat losses from outer cover of solar collectors
- Reference - Presses for Special Applications
- Reference - Manufacture of carbon-fiber prepreg with thermoplastic/epoxy resin blends and microencapsulated solvent healing agents
- Reference - Influence of Glass Fibre Sizing and Storage Conditions on Composite Properties
- Reference - Experimental Characterization of Advanced Composite Materials
- Reference - Vacuum bagging supplies & Vacuum Infusion Supplies _ Peel Ply, PTFE and Release Film
- Reference - Experimental Study and Analytical Approaches to Avoid Matrix Defects during Composites Manufacturing
- Reference - Composite materials and processing
- Reference - ASTM D2583 - 13a, Standard Test Method for Indentation Hardness of Rigid Plastics by Means of a Barcol Impressor
- Reference - Hot press forming of thermoplastic CFRP sheets
B
- Reference - Basics of rheology
- Reference - Prepreg Technology (Publication No. FGU 017)
- Reference - 16 Resin Infusion Technologies
- Reference - Guideline for the Certification of Wind Turbine
- Reference - The engineering aspects of automated prepreg layup: History, present and future
- Reference - ASTM D3171-15, Standard Test Methods for Constituent Content of Composite Materials
- Reference - Residual strain measurement in composites using the cure-referencing method
- Reference - Engineered materials handbook
- Reference - Spiral Tubing 1_2 ID for vacuum infusion in stock _ Fibre Glast
- Reference - Handbook of Thermoset Resins
- Reference - Principles of Polymer Engineering
- Reference - Residual stress determination by Hole drilling combined with optical methods
- Reference - How to Safely Store Epoxy
- Reference - Spring-in of angled sandwich panels
- Reference - Gas transport and void evolution in composite prepregs
- Reference - Allowables for structural composites
- Reference - Evolved Gas Analysis (EGA), What is? What Instruments to Use? What Can You Achieve?
- Reference - Coefficient of Thermal Expansion Measurement using the TMA 4000
- Reference - Vacuum bagging: The basics
C
- Reference - A novel method of determining residual stress distributions in plates using the incremental slitting technique
- Reference - Engineering Thermoplastics
- Reference - Thermtest Instruments: Materials Thermal Properties Database
- Reference - Measurement of thermal conductivity of epoxy resins during cure
- Reference - Chapter 13 - Aramids
- Reference - Vacuum infusion
- Reference - Mechanisms generating residual stresses and distortion during manufacture of polymer–matrix composite structures
- Reference - Process-induced strain and distortion in curved composites. Part I: Development of fiber-optic strain monitoring technique and analytical methods
- Reference - Mechanical, thermal and morphological properties of glass fiber and carbon fiber reinforced polyamide-6 and polyamide-6/clay nanocomposites
- Reference - Advanced Composite Materials
Welcome
Welcome to the CKN Knowledge in Practice Centre (KPC). The KPC is a resource for learning and applying scientific knowledge to the practice of composites manufacturing. As you navigate around the KPC, refer back to the information on this right-hand pane as a resource for understanding the intricacies of composites processing and why the KPC is laid out in the way that it is. The following video explains the KPC approach:
Understanding Composites Processing
The Knowledge in Practice Centre (KPC) is centered around a structured method of thinking about composite material manufacturing. From the top down, the heirarchy consists of:
- The factory
- Factory cells and/or the factory layout
- Process steps (embodied in the factory process flow) consisting of:
The way that the material, shape, tooling & consumables and equipment (abbreviated as MSTE) interact with each other during a process step is critical to the outcome of the manufacturing step, and ultimately critical to the quality of the finished part. The interactions between MSTE during a process step can be numerous and complex, but the Knowledge in Practice Centre aims to make you aware of these interactions, understand how one parameter affects another, and understand how to analyze the problem using a systems based approach. Using this approach, the factory can then be developed with a complete understanding and control of all interactions.
Interrelationship of Function, Shape, Material & Process
Design for manufacturing is critical to ensuring the producibility of a part. Trouble arises when it is considered too late or not at all in the design process. Conversely, process design (controlling the interactions between shape, material, tooling & consumables and equipment to achieve a desired outcome) must always consider the shape and material of the part. Ashby has developed and popularized the approach linking design (function) to the choice of material and shape, which influence the process selected and vice versa, as shown below:
Within the Knowledge in Practice Centre the same methodology is applied but the process is more fully defined by also explicitly calling out the equipment and tooling & consumables. Note that in common usage, a process which consists of many steps can be arbitrarily defined by just one step, e.g. "spray-up". Though convenient, this can be misleading.
Workflows
The KPC's Practice and Case Study volumes consist of three types of workflows:
- Development - Analyzing the interactions between MSTE in the process steps to make decisions on processing parameters and understanding how the process steps and factory cells fit within the factory.
- Troubleshooting - Guiding you to possible causes of processing issues affecting either cost, rate or quality and directing you to the most appropriate development workflow to improve the process
- Optimization - An expansion on the development workflows where a larger number of options are considered to achieve the best mixture of cost, rate & quality for your application.
