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Welcome to the help pages of the Knowledge in Practice Centre. Here you'll find useful information on various aspects of the site to help you understand how it is structured, how to navigate the content, and how to manage your account. This information is organized into the tabs below.

Site Overview

Creating an Account

Layout

Navigation

Features

Account

Feedback

Contribute

Policies

The layout of the KPC is organized according to a systems-level hierarchical approach, containing seven different but interconnected volumes as shown in the figure below. These are: Introduction to Composites, Foundational Knowledge, Systems Knowledge, Systems Catalogue, Practice, Case Studies, and Perspectives. Conceptually, preceding these volumes is open literature representing fundamental knowledge. This content is linked to through the references provided throughout the KPC. On the other end, proceeding these volumes are industrial documents that each company may have in their own documentation system, representing their industrial best practice.

KPC Layout

In addition to the main content of the website organized into the various volumes, additional support content can be found including:

• a Glossary, and
• a listing of all references used throughout the KPC

In general, top level pages of each volume and all pages of the Introduction to Composites and Foundational Knowledge volumes are available for viewing without being logged in to the KPC. For all other pages it is necessary to be logged in after accepting the KPC Policies (Privacy Policy and Terms and Conditions).

You can create an account using the Create Account page. The following video outlines the account creation process:

Levels of Detail

The Knowledge in Practice Centre is designed with different levels of users in mind. By offering certain pages in up to three levels of detail, all users can benefit from short, succinct explanations and efficient navigation, while also allowing users to learn at greater depth as their needs and experience levels demand. For this reason, you will find many KPC pages divided in up to three levels:

• Level I - Provides the most succinct explanations and focuses on conveying an intuitive understanding of the complex interactions taking place so that you can apply your new understanding immediately on the shop floor. This level is ideal for those who are new to composite materials, new to a specific aspect of composite materials, or whose position doesn't require them to have an understanding of the equations used to analyze composites processes
• Level II - Provides additional information along with analytical closed form equations where applicable. This level is suitable for most engineers in industrial sectors where a great benefit can be attained from utilizing simple analytical relationships in 0, 1 or (simplified) 2 dimensions
• Level III - Provides information at the most complex level including information relevant to full 2 or 3 dimensional simulation of the topic. This level is suitable for engineers whose manufacturing challenges are complex enough to demand full numerical modelling (finite element, finite difference, computational fluid dynamics)

Navigation menu

All pages of the KPC can be accessed via their position in the hierarchy using the navigation tree in the navigation menu on the left side of the screen via the icon:

Icon for the navigation menu

Navigation menu

By clicking on this icon, the navigation menu opens up and includes an expandable navigation tree of the KPC, as well as bold static links to key pages including:

• References
• Glossary
• Find Pages by attributes (Tag, Theme, MSTE Workflow, Factory Cell) (see section on Tags & Infobox Links for more information on using this functionality)
• Contact us
• Help, and
• About CKN Knowledge in Practice Centre

The page you are currently on will be expanded to in the navigation tree and highlighted in blue so that you can find your current position in the KPC. Buttons at the top allow for the navigation tree to be fully expanded (Expand all), expanded one level (+), collapsed one level (-) and fully collapsed (Collapse all).

Search

The search bar of the KPC (located in the top-right of the utilizes elastic search to crawl & index the contents of the KPC, and then rank and present the results to you in a way that best matches your desired results. This search feature is well suited to finding the most appropriate content for your query.

Table of contents

If a page has a table of contents enabled for it, you will see the following icon located on the right hand side of the page:

Icon for the table of contents menu

Table of contents menu

Clicking on this icon opens the table of contents for this page as shown in the image to the right. By clicking on any of the sections in the table of contents you will be immediately taken to that section of the page.

Links

You will notice throughout the text that there are links to other pages where relevant. These may take several forms:

Inline links

Inline links such as the following link to the About Us page will appear throughout the text of pages to provide links to content relevant to the current text.

Red Links

Inline links that appear red, such as this are links to pages that currently don't exist, but that we are planning to complete in the near future.

Popups

Popup example when hovering over a link

Hovering over links for a short period of time will open a popup that provides a preview of the page being linked to. This includes a relevant image and a short excerpt of text from the top of that page. This helps you to quickly understand what a linked word or phrase means and gives you more information to decide if you would like to open the linked page and learn more about that content.

External links

The dialog box shown when clicking on an external link

If you click on a link that leads to an external website (not run by CKN), you will see the following dialog box appear to let you know that you are leaving our site. By clicking "Continue", the external link will open in a new tab.

Note: Currently this only works when left-clicking. Right clicking to open an external link will currently return you to the same page you are currently on.

Tags & Infobox Links

Infoboxes are the boxes with concise information found at the top-right of many pages on the KPC. Many common fields can be found on all infoboxes, but some are customized to the content of the page.

Example of an infobox showing links to create a query for pages having the same Themes and Tags as well as links to prerequisite pages

By clicking on the "Thermal management" theme, you will be taken to a query result showing all pages belonging to the thermal management theme. You can also adjust the parameters of the query to customize and tailor the query to what you are looking for

By clicking on the "Thermal transformation" tag, you will be taken to a query result showing all pages that also have the thermal transformation tag. You can also adjust the parameters of the query to customize and tailor the query to what you are looking for

The links in the infoboxes form an important part of navigating the KPC. In particular the "Theme" and "Tag" fields are hyperlinked. By clicking on a theme or tag an automatic query will be generated to show you all other pages belonging to the same theme or having the same tag. In this way, if you are interested in a page and want to see similar pages, querying for pages related by theme or tag will help you to find other relevant content in the KPC. You are also free to tailor the parameters of the query to further narrow down your search and find the relevant pages.

Prerequisites are also listed. These are pages that you are recommended to read (or be familiar with the concepts in them) before reading the current page. Clicking on these links will take you directly to the prerequisite page (not a query).

"Related pages" section

At the bottom of some pages in the KPC you will see a "Related pages" section. Each page in the KPC is tagged by the CKN as relating to certain subjects. The related pages sections shows all other pages that share the same tag as the current page and it is organized by volume and by the type of the page.

The Related pages section of a page shows a list of similar pages to the current page categorized by volume and page type

"Explore this section further" section

The "explore this area further" section shows all pages underneath the current page in the hierarchy.

At the bottom of some pages in the KPC you will see an "Explore this page further" section. This section lists all the pages below the current page in the hierarchy of the navigation tree.

"References" & "Footnotes" sections

References are provided throughout the KPC and can be identified through their appearance as a superscript blue number inside square brackets that is a hyperlink to the References section at the bottom of a page (e.g. ). Footnotes are similarly formatted, but are specifically noted as footnotes (e.g. ).

Jump down

When you see a reference in the KPC you can click on it to be taken down to the Reference section at the bottom of the page.

In-line references in the text of a KPC page ("[1]" and "[2]"). By clicking on the in-line reference it will "jump-down" to the location of the reference information in the references section.

Jump up

By clicking on the ↑ symbol for a reference with only a single use in the page, you will be taken up to where that reference is used in the page. References used more than once in a page are given in a #.# format where the number before the "." is the chronological number of that reference in the list of references, and the number after the "." is the instance of each use of that particular reference. Clicking on any one of these numbers will take you to that instance of use of the reference in the text.

The References section at the bottom of the page can be used to access the reference pages for each reference (with more detail), and also "jump-up" to where the reference is used in the text.

Reference page

In the References section at the bottom of a page, you can navigate to the reference page for a specific reference by clicking on the [Ref] link. This takes you to the page where all the information for that reference is stored (including additional information not found in the References section at the bottom of a page).

Tooltips

Tooltips such as those shown in the table below may be found throughout the KPC to convey information where it would otherwise be distracting to insert the information in the main text. Specifically you might notice them near equations to remind you of the meaning of the symbols within equations. Simply hover your mouse over the tooltip to see the additional information pop up.

Tooltip type	icon
info	This is a sample info tooltip
warning	This is a sample warning tooltip
note	This is a sample note tooltip
error	This is a sample error tooltip

Glossary

A glossary of terms is provided in the Glossary. A link to the glossary can be found near the bottom of the navigation menu.

In-line glossary popups

"thermal management", "materials deposition management", "flow and consolidation management" and "residual stress and dimensional control management" terms are lightly underlined on Systems Knowledge - A4 showing that they are glossary terms and the definition can be viewed by mousing over the words.

The first instance of a word in the glossary on a page is an interactive link to the glossary definition. This will be apparent as lightly underlined words such as shown in the picture below on the right.

The glossary definition of words or phrases can be seen by placing your mouse over words that are found in the glossary

By placing your mouse over these words the glossary definition will appear as shown so that you can understand the meaning of a word or phrase without needing to navigate directly to the glossary. You can go to the glossary definition page by clicking on the icon in the bottom right of the glossary definition popup.

References

See the "References" & "Footnotes" sections part of the help page for more information on navigating references within a page.

Each reference in the KPC has its own individual page where all the information about that reference is stored. You can access this page either by clicking on the [Ref] link in the References section on the page where the reference is used, or you can view all references and then view their specific page by navigating through the Reference navigation page.

The reference navigation page of the KPC can be used to view all references in the KPC including the type of reference, the authors and the number of times it is used in the KPC. Clicking on the link in the "Page" column will take you to the reference page where additional information can be found. Clicking on the link in the "Citation count in KPC" column shows the result of a search showing all the pages where that reference is used.

The Reference navigation page can be found near the bottom of the navigation menu by clicking on "References". The table in the Reference navigation can be sorted in increasing or decreasing order for any of the columns by clicking on the column header.

Find a reference in the KPC

In the Reference navigation page, there is a column titled "Citation count in KPC". The number of times each reference is used in the KPC is displayed in this column. By clicking on the number for a reference you will see a listing of all the pages where this reference is used. In this way you can better explore a reference that is of interest to you.

Account menu

Information about your account and how to change settings can be found here:

Preferences

You can adjust any user preferences by clicking on the account menu and then "Preferences". Alternatively you can click on the following link: Preferences
In here you can do things like:

• Change password
• Change email
• Enable Multi-factor Authentication,
• Numerous other setting changes

Alerts & Notices

You can see any alerts and notices by clicking on the account menu and then "Alerts" or "Notices". Alternatively, you can click on the following link: Notifications

Watchlist

By adding a page to your watchlist, you can receive notifications about any changes made to those pages. See Watchlist (Mediawiki) for more information.

Icon for the page tools menu

You can add a page to your watchlist by clicking on the page tools menu and click "Watch"

Security

CKN takes information security seriously and numerous measures — as outlined in the Privacy policy — are taken to ensure information security. Some aspects of securing your account are also within your control, including setting a strong random password and additional login security such as multi-factor authentication.

Password change

You can change your account password using the Change credentials page. It is always best practice to use long, random character passwords that are not re-used between any sites.

Multi-factor Authentication

You may enable multi-factor authentication to further secure your account by requiring the entry of a six digit Time-based One-time Password (TOTP) after entering your account password. This TOTP is typically provided by an app on a mobile phone (such as Google Authenticator, DUO Mobile, LastPass Authenticator, Microsoft Authenticator and others) which has been configured and linked to your KPC account during multi-factor authentication setup.

To set up multi-factor authentication, go to the page: Enable Multi-factor Authentication and click on "Enable". You will then be shown a QR code that you can scan with your TOTP app of choice or manually enter the secret key if you are unable to scan the QR code. You will also be provided with 10 "scratch" codes. These are single use passcodes that can be used to access your account if you have an issue with your TOTP app. You should store these codes in a secure location such as a password manager and only use them if there is an issue with your TOTP app.

Once your app has been configured for the KPC, enter the current 6 digits TOTP into the Verification box and click "Submit". This step ensures that your TOTP app is correctly generating the codes before enabling multi-factor authentication for your account.

CKN welcomes and values feedback from users of the Knowledge in Practice Centre so that we can improve our content and add new content that is important to our users. Three feedback links are available at the top of the KPC pages so that we can efficiently receive and utilize your feedback:

Content requests

If you find that our current content does not meet your needs or if there is a specific aspects of composites that you would like to see addressed on the KPC please use the Content requests link here or at the top of pages.

General feedback

If you have any general feedback about either the Composites Knowledge Network or the Knowledge in Practice Centre we would be glad to hear it. Please use the General feedback link here or at the top of pages.

Page specific feedback

If you have feedback specific to a particular page of the Knowledge in Practice Centre, please use the "Feedback on this page" link at the top of pages. This link will attempt to record the URL that you were on when you clicked the link, but the success of this varies by web browser. To this end it also allows you to copy-paste the URL into the response itself so that you can help us ensure we are addressing the correct page that requires attention.

The CKN is always interested in having new people contributing content to the Knowledge in Practice Centre. If you would like to contribute to the Knowledge in Practice Centre please Contact us.

Acceptance of CKN's policies for the Knowledge in Practice Centre are required in order to use the Knowledge in Practice Centre. Pages that require users to be logged-in to view also require explicit acceptance of these policies. Occasional explicit re-acceptance is also required. If re-acceptance of the policies is required you will be prompted during login.

CKN's Knowledge in Practice Centre Terms and conditions of use as well as Privacy policy can be seen by clicking on the following links. These links are also available at the bottom of each page in the footer, and as links below the password field during login.

Terms and Conditions of Use

See our Knowledge in Practice Centre Terms and Conditions.

Privacy policy

See our Knowledge in Practice Centre Privacy Policy.

References

References

About	Help

In the context of knowledge in practice, knowledge refers to the systematic use of science based knowledge in composites manufacturing practice.

There is a distinction between experience based knowledge and science based knowledge:

• Experience based knowledge (‘know-how’) is an understanding of potential outcomes and their relationships that is founded on pragmatism and experience accumulated over time in individual programs, companies and in the industry more broadly.
• Science based knowledge (‘know-why’) is an understanding of potential outcomes and their relationships, based on the important processing physics, that is mature enough to be codified using the appropriate governing laws and constitutive equations.

Any manufacturing and/or decision making activity that occurs during any stage of the development design cycle (e.g. conceptual design to production).

In the context of Knowledge in Practice, practice refers to the systematic use of science based knowledge to reduce composites manufacturing risk, cost, and development time.

Engineered materials (designed to have specific properties) made from two or more constituent materials with different physical or chemical properties. The constituents remain separate and distinct on a macroscopic level within the finished structure.

The use of multiphysics models to predict the outcome of real-world scenarios. May be analytical (closed form, "hand calculations") or computational (implementation on computers is required due to the large number of calculations involved. e.g. finite element method, finite difference method)

Most often in composite materials engineering, modelling refers to either:

• Process modelling (predicting manufacturing outcomes, or the inverse problem of predicting manufacturing parameters to achieve a desired outcome), or
• Performance modelling (predicting the stiffness/strength/suitability of a structure, or the inverse problem of the material properties and dimensional requirements to achieve a desired stiffness/strength/suitability of a structure)

(same as "Simulation")

A key component of all composite manufacturing processes. Collectively, the four themes represent the time-temperature-pressure-vacuum history, which is traditionally used to define a manufacturing cycle.

The four processing themes are:

• Thermal management
• Material deposition management
• Flow and consolidation management
• Residual stress and dimensional control management

(Same as "Processing themes")

A central processing theme in the manufacturing cycle. This theme is concerned with managing the thermal response of materials during storage and handling or parts/tools when they are subsequently heated.

A central processing theme in the manufacturing cycle. This theme concerned with managing changes in the physical response of parts/tools when the resin is predominantly in a liquid phase (e.g. pre-gelation, pre-solidification) and the prevention of manufacturing defects.

A central processing theme in the manufacturing cycle. This theme relates to management of internal stresses that occur as the material undergoes differential thermal and physical phase change volume changes and viscoelastic property development.