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  • Home
  • Introduction to Composites
    • Fundamentals of composite materials
      • How Composites Differ From Metals
      • When to Use Composites
      • Composites design
      • Composites manufacturing
    • Systems approach to composite materials
  • Foundational Knowledge
    • Materials science
      • Material structure
        • Polymer (matrix) structure
          • Thermoplastic polymers
          • Thermoset polymers
      • Material properties
        • Basic Definitions of Material Properties
          • Thermal conductivity
          • Specific heat capacity
          • Thermal diffusivity
        • Polymer properties
          • Heat of reaction
          • Degree of cure
          • Outgassing of Polymer Resins
          • Viscosity (resin)
          • Glass transition temperature (Tg)
        • Reinforcement properties
        • Composite properties
          • Fatigue Limits
          • Failure Theories
          • Safety Factors
          • Macro-Mechanics
          • Micro-Mechanics
    • Processing science
      • Thermal behaviour
        • Heat transfer
          • Conduction
          • Convection
        • Thermal phase transitions of polymers
        • Cure of thermosetting polymers
    • Foundational method documents
      • How to measure curing time and degree of cure
      • How to measure gel time
      • How to measure reinforcement content (and corresponding matrix content)
      • Tensile Testing
  • Systems Knowledge
    • System parameters - inputs and outcomes
    • System interactions
    • Thermal and cure/crystallization management (TM)
      • Effect of material in a thermal management system
      • Effect of shape in a thermal management system
      • Effect of tooling in a thermal management system
      • Effect of equipment in a thermal management system
    • Materials deposition and consolidation management (MDCM)
    • Residual stress and dimensional control management (RSDM)
      • Effect of material in a RSDM system
      • Effect of shape in a RSDM system
      • Effect of tooling in a RSDM system
      • Effect of equipment in a RSDM system
    • Machining and assembly management (MAM)
    • Quality/inspection management (QIM)
    • Systems knowledge method documents
      • How to perform an experimental thermal profile
  • Systems Catalogue
    • The factory
      • Factory layout (where)
      • Objects in the factory (what)
        • Material
          • Cores & inserts
            • Foam
            • Honeycomb
          • Prepreg
          • Matrix
            • Fire Retardant Resins/Additives
            • Epoxy resin
            • Polyester resin
        • Shape
        • Tooling and consumables
        • Equipment
          • Autoclave
          • Room temperature transformation
          • Hot press
          • Oven
      • Factory cells (where and how)
        • Testing
          • Thermomechanical Analyzer (TMA)
        • Material deposition
          • Automated fibre placement (AFP)
          • Compression moulding
          • Hand layup prepreg (Autoclave/Out-of-autoclave) processing
          • Vacuum assisted resin transfer moulding (VARTM)/resin infusion (VARI)
          • Wet layup
        • Thermal transformation
    • Resources
      • Composites Courses at Canadian HEI
  • Practice
    • Integrated Product Development
      • Practice for Developing a Product
        • Composite Production Part Drawing
        • Selecting Functional Requirements
        • Shape Development
        • Material Selection
        • Practice for Identifying Process Steps
      • Practice for Developing a Process Step
        • Practice for Developing a Deposition Step
          • Resin degassing
        • Practice for Developing a Demoulding Step
        • Practice for Developing a Consolidation Step
          • Debulking
          • Consolidation of Thermoplastics
          • Vacuum Bagging
            • Vacuum Bagging for Vacuum Infusion
            • Vacuum Bagging for Prepregs
        • Practice for Developing a Receiving and Storage Step
        • Practice for developing a thermal transformation process step
          • Developing production scale tooling
      • Ensuring tooling choice meets part quality metrics
      • Ensuring quality during curing of thick parts
      • Ensuring quality during production of variable thickness parts
      • Maintaining equivalency during cure for different fibre architectures
    • Production Optimization
      • Process selection for production scale-up
      • Decreasing Cure Cycle Time
      • Increasing throughput by curing parts simultaneously
      • Maintaining quality when scaling-up from coupons to production-ready parts
      • Optimizing a cure cycle for improved production rates
    • Production Troubleshooting
      • Practice for troubleshooting a Light RTM step
      • Troubleshooting scaling-up issues from coupons to parts
      • Ensuring appropriate resin flow and part consolidation for a new material
      • Troubleshooting quality issues during cure for different equipment types
      • Transitioning tooling styles between different thermal transformation equipment
      • Troubleshooting scaling issues from small to large parts
      • Troubleshooting when changing production tooling material
      • Troubleshooting tooling to achieve part quality
      • Troubleshooting a cure cycle for improved production rates
      • Maintaining part quality when changing curing equipment
      • Troubleshooting part quality during cure when changing the reinforcement
      • Troubleshooting scale-up issues from thin to thick parts
      • Ensuring appropriate resin flow and part consolidation for a new cure cycle
  • Case Studies
    • Development
      • Lack of Requirements in Product Development
      • Conducting a thermal tooling survey on three complex tools of different materials
      • Developing for Future Production Scale Up
      • Use of Right Sized Simulation to Aid Decision Making in Thermoplastic Composite Manufacturing Systems
      • Feasibility of Using Composite Materials in Mobile Food Truck Tandoor Ovens
      • Process Selection for a Composite Transit Vehicle Door
      • Automotive Battery Enclosure Material and Manufacturing Assessment
      • Product Development Stage Gate Methodology for a Composite Shroud
    • Optimization
      • Optimization of a hot press process for bike components
      • Optimizing Cost vs Weight for Low Production Volume Parts
      • Cost Comparison Study of a GFRP Leisure Boat Hull Manufacturing Method; Spray Up vs Resin Infusion
      • Using Barcol Hardness Measurements to Correlate Hardness and Degree of Cure
    • Troubleshooting
      • Troubleshooting of room temperature processes for large recreational and industrial parts
  • Perspectives
    • Presentations
      • Dr. Anoush Poursartip's cdmHUB global composites expert webinar
    • Interviews
      • Interview with Prof. Kevin Potter
    • AIM Events - Webinars
      • Advanced x-ray imaging of carbon fiber microstructure
      • Implementation of Bolted Joints in Composites
      • Filament Winding
      • Introduction to Bolted Joints in Composites
      • Introduction to Damage and Repair of Composite Sandwich Structures
      • Introduction to Non-Destructive Testing of Composite Materials
      • Introduction to Repair of Composite Structures
      • Viscoelasticity and Composite Materials
      • Introduction to Adhesive Bonding - Part II
      • Introduction to Adhesive Bonding - Part I
      • Sandwich Panels in Aerospace
      • Introduction to Tooling for Composite Materials Processing
      • An Introduction to Composites Sustainability
      • Porosity in Composite Materials - Part II
      • Porosity in Composite Materials - Part I
      • Pultrusion of Thermoplastic Composites
      • Simulation models for rapid liquid composite molding
      • CKN’s Approach to Developing Products with Composite Materials
      • Introduction to Sandwich Structures - Materials and Processing
      • Case Study: Optimizing a Press Moulding Process
      • Introduction to the welding of thermoplastic composites
      • Introduction to the processing of thermoplastic composites
      • Heat Transfer in Composites Processing
      • Effect of cure on mechanical properties of a composite (Part 2 of 2)
      • Effect of cure on mechanical properties of a composite (Part 1 of 2)
      • Fabric Forming: how it affects design and processing, and how simulation can address this
      • Fibre Architecture: Availability, pros and cons, and selection for my application
      • Strengthening the Canadian Advanced Manufacturing Innovation Ecosystem: What types of intellectual property matter, and to whom?
      • Understanding Polyester Resin Processing: The Effect of Ambient Temperature on the Final Part
      • Composites Process Simulation: A Review of the State of the Art for Product Development
      • Resin Behaviour During Processing: What are the key resin properties to consider when developing a manufacturing process?
      • The Composites Knowledge in Practice Centre – an open resource for composites manufacturing knowledge and best practices
      • Deconstructing composites ''processing'' - Why it seems so complex and how to think about it in a structured way
      • Parameters for Structural Analysis of Composites
      • Costing composite parts
      • Composite materials engineering webinar series
        • Composite materials engineering webinar session 1 - Introduction
        • Composite materials engineering webinar session 2 - Constituent Materials - Fiber
        • Composite materials engineering webinar session 3 - Constituent materials - Resin
        • Composite materials engineering webinar session 4 - Thermal management and resin cure
        • Composite materials engineering webinar session 5 - Manufacturing processes - Introduction
        • Composite materials engineering webinar session 6 - Manufacturing processes - Prepreg processing
        • Composite materials engineering webinar session 7 - Manufacturing processes - Liquid composite moulding
        • Composite materials engineering webinar session 8 - Mechanics of composites - Part 1: Lamina level
        • Composite materials engineering webinar session 9 - Mechanics of composites - Part 2: Laminate level
        • Composite materials engineering webinar session 10 - Failure of composites
        • Composite materials engineering webinar session 11 - Defects
        • Composite materials engineering webinar session 12 - Testing
    • Diversity & Inclusion Coffee Breaks
      • D&I with Janice Barton
      • D&I featuring Kero Saleib
      • D&I featuring Rosemary Pham
      • D&I featuring Sampada Bodkhe
      • D&I featuring Isabelle Paris
      • D&I featuring Janic Lauzon
      • D&I featuring Anoush Poursartip
      • D&I featuring Courtney Mandock

Perspectives - A8

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Person pin-black-36dp-gGACAEd9HF7p.svg
 Welcome to the Perspectives volume. This volume is primarily based on multimedia content and serves as a bridge for linking what you have learned in the other volumes of the Knowledge in Practice Centre out to what other practitioners are doing in their projects and research. The three types of content linked below include presentations, interviews, and Application and Impact Mobilization (AIM) event recordings/Webinars. Presentations and interviews are the primary sections linking out to external perspectives on composites, while the AIM event recording section contains CKN's perspective on how to apply composites knowledge.


Refer to the Level I view to navigate to the perspectives content quickly, or refer to the Level II view to navigate to the perspectives content with additional context. Level II provides more information on the relationship between know-how & know-why, and why it is important to protect the fundamentals of any processes or conventions already in place.


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Presentations
Interviews
AIM Event Recordings - Webinars
D&I Coffee Break Recordings
Read more

This section of the KPC contains a collection of public presentation recordings on a variety of topics related to composites. The content largely includes one person giving a presentation on a single subject to an audience (in-person and digitally), often with question and answer periods at the end. Click here to explore the presentations.

Have you ever wanted to have a one-on-one conversation with a composites expert? While we haven't figured out how to clone them and accomplish that, we are reaching out to our extensive contact list of researchers and industry experts to bring you these interviews with a more relaxed format than a public presentation. By giving our interviewees the freedom to discuss the topics they find the most interesting and important - rather than being restricted to a presentation on a single topic - we think you'll find the content here both intriguing and thought provoking. Click here to explore the interviews.

This section of the KPC contains the Application and Impact Mobilization (AIM) events. AIM events are a mixture of in-person gatherings and online events such as webinars and other recorded sessions that have been prepared to provide a structured delivery of content to anyone with a technical background. By watching these recorded AIM events, you should have a better understanding of the intricacies of composite materials design, analysis and manufacturing, and be better equipped to address them in their own parts. Click here to explore the AIM event recordings.

The Diversity and Inclusion Virtual Coffee Break series is presented by CKN, SAMPE Canada, CACMSA and CREPEC. Topics will include the importance of diversity and inclusion, mentorship, allyship, how to make your workplace more inclusive, unconscious bias, and more. Click here to explore D&I Coffee Break recordings.

Overview[edit | edit source]

When manufacturing anything, the importance of know-how can often eclipse the value of know-why in the short term because it is often the fastest way to achieving a desired end-goal. The consultancy industry's very premise is offering know-how with a minimum of lead time in order to improve time-to-market for new product development, reduce manufacturing time & cost for process optimization or improve quality for underperforming processes. Know-how has immediate value and the perspectives volume aims to bring as much know-how to you by curating a mixture of unstructured (online videos, interviews) and structured (AIM event) resources that provide additional insight and perspective on composites research, design and manufacturing.

We believe it is important to capture, protect and convey as much know-how as possible because it is the first step in transforming manufacturing processes. The protect-advance-disrupt construct [1] put forward by Fabris advocates the improvement and advancement of manufacturing processes by not losing sight of the know-how that brought us to where we are today. By first protecting the hard-earned know-how and then advancing it with know-why, advances in manufacturing processes can be made that have the ability to disrupt the current status quo.

Knowledge-in-Practice. From[1]

How to use this volume[edit | edit source]

Volume Framework[edit | edit source]

Practicing your foundational knowledge with all the complexities of the systems interactions taking place while trying to make reasonable practical decisions is always challenging. Through the videos and other content in this volume, some perspective of how to apply knowledge in practice is conveyed. We hope that by providing some external perspective and examples in this volume that you will be more comfortable in how to apply these concepts to your work.

Volume Features[edit | edit source]

Most pages in the perspectives volume consist of a video as the primary focus. Video from CKN are embedded within the KPC page itself, whereas videos from others are linked out to.

It is CKN's goal to index the content of our videos so that you can quickly find content of interest to you. For each indexed chapter that relates to other content within the KPC, links will be provided so that you may improve your understanding of what is discussed in the video and relate it to the method and practice documents. You will find this index below the video in the "Additional information for select chapters" section. For videos posted by CKN and videos by others with chapter markers, the index is provided by chapter numbers that correspond to the chapter markers integrated into the video player. For non-CKN videos without chapter markers, the index is provided by timestamp.

Content[edit | edit source]

Presentations[edit | edit source]

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 Obtaining a broad understanding of key concepts and emerging trends in composites is important when evaluating potential development paths for your composite parts. The presentations included here in the Perspectives volume of the Knowledge in Practice Centre are curated with this goal in mind. By bringing composites developers up-to-speed on the most important concepts, considerations and emerging trends of the day through presentations, developers should be able to spend more time on the issues that matter. Click here to explore the presentations.

Interviews[edit | edit source]

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 The Composites Knowledge Network is working towards recording and curating a number of interviews with notable subject matter experts within the composites engineering community. The primary objective is to facilitate as much open knowledge transfer as possible, particularly in areas of tribal or tacit knowledge - which is often best conveyed through direct interaction with someone having first-hand experience. The section on interviews contains these often one-on-one conversations to bring you interesting ideas and concepts directly from those with the experience. Click here to explore the interviews.

If you have an informed, unique perspective that you believe would benefit the composites community, please contact us to discuss the opportunity for your very own interview to be featured in the Knowledge in Practice Centre.

AIM Event Recordings - Webinars[edit | edit source]

AIM Event Icon-JJBnrDwmVS9r.svg
 This section of the KPC contains the Application and Impact Mobilization (AIM) events. They are a key pillar of the Composites Knowledge Network's mandate to extend industry's knowledge of important scientific principles that affect composites. AIM events are a mixture of in-person gatherings and online events such as webinars and other recorded sessions that have been prepared to provide a structured delivery of content to anyone with a technical background. By watching these recorded AIM events, you should have a better understanding of the intricacies of composite materials design, analysis and manufacturing, and be better equipped to address them in their own parts. Click here to explore the AIM event recordings.

D&I Coffee Break Recordings[edit | edit source]

D&I Icon-PPDmjWqdAS3l.svg
 The Diversity and Inclusion Virtual Coffee Break series is presented by CKN, SAMPE Canada, CACMSA and CREPEC. Topics will include the importance of diversity and inclusion, mentorship, allyship, how to make your workplace more inclusive, unconscious bias, and more. Click here to explore the D&I Coffee Break recordings.

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 [Ref] Fabris, Janna Noemi (2018). A Framework for Formalizing Science Based Composites Manufacturing Practice (Thesis). The University of British Columbia, Vancouver. p. 85. doi:10.14288/1.0372787.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)



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Application and Impact Mobilization Events (AIM).

In the context of knowledge in practice, knowledge refers to the systematic use of science based knowledge in composites manufacturing practice.

There is a distinction between experience based knowledge and science based knowledge:

  • Experience based knowledge (‘know-how’) is an understanding of potential outcomes and their relationships that is founded on pragmatism and experience accumulated over time in individual programs, companies and in the industry more broadly.
  • Science based knowledge (‘know-why’) is an understanding of potential outcomes and their relationships, based on the important processing physics, that is mature enough to be codified using the appropriate governing laws and constitutive equations.

Engineered materials (designed to have specific properties) made from two or more constituent materials with different physical or chemical properties. The constituents remain separate and distinct on a macroscopic level within the finished structure.

The Society for the Advancement of Material and Process Engineering (SAMPE).

A framework for formalizing effective and low risk science based composites manufacturing practice and the process of knowledge translation.

Any manufacturing and/or decision making activity that occurs during any stage of the development design cycle (e.g. conceptual design to production).

In the context of Knowledge in Practice, practice refers to the systematic use of science based knowledge to reduce composites manufacturing risk, cost, and development time.

Retrieved from "https://compositeskn.org/KPC/index.php?title=A8&oldid=6780"
CKN KPC logo

Welcome

Welcome to the CKN Knowledge in Practice Centre (KPC). The KPC is a resource for learning and applying scientific knowledge to the practice of composites manufacturing. As you navigate around the KPC, refer back to the information on this right-hand pane as a resource for understanding the intricacies of composites processing and why the KPC is laid out in the way that it is. The following video explains the KPC approach:

Understanding Composites Processing

The Knowledge in Practice Centre (KPC) is centered around a structured method of thinking about composite material manufacturing. From the top down, the heirarchy consists of:

The way that the material, shape, tooling & consumables and equipment (abbreviated as MSTE) interact with each other during a process step is critical to the outcome of the manufacturing step, and ultimately critical to the quality of the finished part. The interactions between MSTE during a process step can be numerous and complex, but the Knowledge in Practice Centre aims to make you aware of these interactions, understand how one parameter affects another, and understand how to analyze the problem using a systems based approach. Using this approach, the factory can then be developed with a complete understanding and control of all interactions.

The relationship between material, shape, tooling & consumables and equipment during a process step


Interrelationship of Function, Shape, Material & Process

Design for manufacturing is critical to ensuring the producibility of a part. Trouble arises when it is considered too late or not at all in the design process. Conversely, process design (controlling the interactions between shape, material, tooling & consumables and equipment to achieve a desired outcome) must always consider the shape and material of the part. Ashby has developed and popularized the approach linking design (function) to the choice of material and shape, which influence the process selected and vice versa, as shown below:

The relationship between function, material, shape and process


Within the Knowledge in Practice Centre the same methodology is applied but the process is more fully defined by also explicitly calling out the equipment and tooling & consumables. Note that in common usage, a process which consists of many steps can be arbitrarily defined by just one step, e.g. "spray-up". Though convenient, this can be misleading.

The relationship between function, material, shape and process consisting of Equipment and Tooling and consumables


Workflows

The KPC's Practice and Case Study volumes consist of three types of workflows:

  • Development - Analyzing the interactions between MSTE in the process steps to make decisions on processing parameters and understanding how the process steps and factory cells fit within the factory.
  • Troubleshooting - Guiding you to possible causes of processing issues affecting either cost, rate or quality and directing you to the most appropriate development workflow to improve the process
  • Optimization - An expansion on the development workflows where a larger number of options are considered to achieve the best mixture of cost, rate & quality for your application.
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