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  • Systems Catalogue
    • The factory
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        • Thermal transformation
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          • Debulking
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        • Practice for Developing a Receiving and Storage Step
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          • Resin degassing
        • Practice for Developing a Demoulding Step
        • Practice for developing a thermal transformation process step
          • Developing production scale tooling
      • Maintaining equivalency during cure for different fibre architectures
      • Ensuring tooling choice meets part quality metrics
      • Ensuring quality during curing of thick parts
      • Ensuring quality during production of variable thickness parts
    • Production Optimization
      • Process selection for production scale-up
      • Decreasing Cure Cycle Time
      • Increasing throughput by curing parts simultaneously
      • Maintaining quality when scaling-up from coupons to production-ready parts
      • Optimizing a cure cycle for improved production rates
    • Production Troubleshooting
      • Practice for troubleshooting a Light RTM step
      • Maintaining part quality when changing curing equipment
      • Troubleshooting part quality during cure when changing the reinforcement
      • Troubleshooting scale-up issues from thin to thick parts
      • Ensuring appropriate resin flow and part consolidation for a new cure cycle
      • Troubleshooting scaling-up issues from coupons to parts
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      • Transitioning tooling styles between different thermal transformation equipment
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  • Case Studies
    • Development
      • Lack of Requirements in Product Development
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      • Process Selection for a Composite Transit Vehicle Door
    • Optimization
      • Optimization of a hot press process for bike components
      • Optimizing Cost vs Weight for Low Production Volume Parts
      • Cost Comparison Study of a GFRP Leisure Boat Hull Manufacturing Method; Spray Up vs Resin Infusion
      • Using Barcol Hardness Measurements to Correlate Hardness and Degree of Cure
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      • Introduction to Adhesive Bonding - Part I
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      • An Introduction to Composites Sustainability
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      • Porosity in Composite Materials - Part I
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      • Introduction to Sandwich Structures - Materials and Processing
      • Case Study: Optimizing a Press Moulding Process
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      • Introduction to the processing of thermoplastic composites
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      • Effect of cure on mechanical properties of a composite (Part 2 of 2)
      • Effect of cure on mechanical properties of a composite (Part 1 of 2)
      • Fabric Forming: how it affects design and processing, and how simulation can address this
      • Fibre Architecture: Availability, pros and cons, and selection for my application
      • Strengthening the Canadian Advanced Manufacturing Innovation Ecosystem: What types of intellectual property matter, and to whom?
      • Understanding Polyester Resin Processing: The Effect of Ambient Temperature on the Final Part
      • Composites Process Simulation: A Review of the State of the Art for Product Development
      • Resin Behaviour During Processing: What are the key resin properties to consider when developing a manufacturing process?
      • The Composites Knowledge in Practice Centre – an open resource for composites manufacturing knowledge and best practices
      • Deconstructing composites ''processing'' - Why it seems so complex and how to think about it in a structured way
      • Parameters for Structural Analysis of Composites
      • Costing composite parts
      • Composite materials engineering webinar series
        • Composite materials engineering webinar session 1 - Introduction
        • Composite materials engineering webinar session 2 - Constituent Materials - Fiber
        • Composite materials engineering webinar session 3 - Constituent materials - Resin
        • Composite materials engineering webinar session 4 - Thermal management and resin cure
        • Composite materials engineering webinar session 5 - Manufacturing processes - Introduction
        • Composite materials engineering webinar session 6 - Manufacturing processes - Prepreg processing
        • Composite materials engineering webinar session 7 - Manufacturing processes - Liquid composite moulding
        • Composite materials engineering webinar session 8 - Mechanics of composites - Part 1: Lamina level
        • Composite materials engineering webinar session 9 - Mechanics of composites - Part 2: Laminate level
        • Composite materials engineering webinar session 10 - Failure of composites
        • Composite materials engineering webinar session 11 - Defects
        • Composite materials engineering webinar session 12 - Testing
    • Diversity & Inclusion Coffee Breaks
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      • D&I featuring Kero Saleib
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      • D&I featuring Sampada Bodkhe
      • D&I featuring Isabelle Paris
      • D&I featuring Janic Lauzon
      • D&I featuring Anoush Poursartip
      • D&I featuring Courtney Mandock

Systems Catalogue - A5

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Menu book-black-36dp-jmqcgJjM9La9.svg
 Welcome to the Systems Catalogue volume. This volume lists and describes the physical assets required in the manufacturing of composite parts. The systems approach to composites manufacturing, as outlined in the Introduction to Composites and Systems Knowledge volumes, breaks the manufacturing process into specific process steps that occur within factory cells. Each process step can be described by the interaction between part material (M), part shape (S), tooling and consumables (T), and equipment (E). The breakdown of this volume is done in accordance with this approach.


By clicking the links below, you can access detailed information about the factory layout, the objects in your factory (from material through to equipment), and the process steps defining your manufacturing process. If you want to learn more about the Systems Catalogue volume, navigate to Level II for a detailed explanation.


The Factory

Read more
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Factory layout
Factory process flow

Are you designing your factory ? This section of the KPC explains how to define a factory floor layout and track the flow of your assets within your factory. Click here to explore the factory layout page.

Are you defining your manufacturing process? This section of the KPC is a library listing and describing the fundamental process steps which when combined in a workflow define a manufacturing process. Click here to explore the factory process flow page.

Objects in the Factory

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Material Icon-JJBnrDwmVS9r.svg
Shape Icon-JJBnrDwmVS9r.svg
Tooling and Consumables Icon-JJBnrDwmVS9r.svg
Equipment Icon-JJBnrDwmVS9r.svg
Material
Shape
Tooling & consumables
Equipment

Are you looking for a material system for a given part? Do you want to find an alternative material system? This material library contains detailed information for the selection of reinforcement and sizing materials, polymeric resins, prepregs and other materials. The library also provides links to the CKN's Resource Directory. Click here to explore the material library.

Do you want to understand how the design of your parts affect their producibility? What are the attributes to look for to gauge the complexity of a part? This section of the KPC explains how parts can be grouped into different families based on geometrical features. Click here to explore the shape page.

Are you looking for a specific tool or consumable? Have you changes your process specifications and need to change your consumables? This tooling and consumables library contains detailed information for the selection of tooling and consumables. The library also provides links to the CKN's Resource Directory. Click here to explore the tooling and consumables library.

Are you looking for the right equipment to produce a given part? Are you specifying an equipment? This equipment library contains detailed information for the selection and specification of equipment. The library also provides links to the CKN's Resource Directory. Click here to explore the equipment library.

Resources

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Resources

Are you looking for software packages, professional services, or wish to connect with industry experts? The following pages contain information on these three items. A direct link to CKN's Resource Directory can also be found here. Click here to explore the resources page.

How to use this volume[edit | edit source]

Volume framework[edit | edit source]

The Systems Catalogue volume provides information about the physical assets of the factory. This includes information on the factory layout, individual MSTE objects, and general processing steps. In that way, it is laid out according to where (factory layout), what (which objects), and how (what processing steps). Whereas, the Foundational and Systems Knowledge volumes map to the physics of the system, the Systems Catalogue maps to factory hierarchy and asset tracking. In addition, to describing the physical factory, the Systems Catalogue also includes a resource section, where users can explore information on various software packages or connect with industry experts. This section will also include a direct link to the future Resource Directory.

With regards to the object pages, typical specifications are provided where applicable. For example, typical equipment and material specs are given. Additionally, important safety information is also provided to draw attention to key safety concerns. Users are reminded to review and follow the guidance of WHMIS Safety Data Sheets (SDS), user manuals, and to contact suppliers for clarification if necessary.

Volume features[edit | edit source]

Coming soon.

Content[edit | edit source]

Factory layout[edit | edit source]

Factory-K5nQWQqS6h76.svg
 Are you designing your factory ? This section of the KPC explains how to define a factory floor layout and track the flow of your assets within your factory.

Click here to explore the factory layout page.

Factory objects[edit | edit source]

Material[edit | edit source]

Material Icon-JJBnrDwmVS9r.svg
 Are you looking for a material system for a given part? Do you want to find an alternative material system? This material library contains detailed information for the selection of reinforcement and sizing materials, resins, prepregs, and other materials.

Learn more about specific material systems:

Shape[edit | edit source]

Shape Icon-JJBnrDwmVS9r.svg
 Do you want to understand how the design of your parts affect their producibility? What are the attributes to look for to gauge the complexity of a part? This section of the KPC explains how parts can be grouped into different families based on geometrical features:

Click here to explore the shape page.

Tooling & consumables[edit | edit source]

Tooling and Consumables Icon-JJBnrDwmVS9r.svg
 Are you looking for a specific tool or consumable? Have you changes your process specifications and need to change your consumables? This tooling and consumables library contains detailed information for the selection of tooling and consumables. The library also provides links to the CKN's Resource Directory.

Click here to explore the tooling and consumables library.

Equipment[edit | edit source]

Equipment Icon-JJBnrDwmVS9r.svg
 Are you looking for the right equipment to produce a given part? Are you specifying an equipment? This equipment library contains detailed information for the selection and specification of equipment. The library also provides links to the CKN's Resource Directory.

Learn more about specific equipment:

Factory process flow[edit | edit source]

Process flow-JJBnrDwmVS9r.svg
 Are you defining your manufacturing process? This section of the KPC is a library listing and describing the fundamental process steps which when combined in a workflow define a manufacturing process.

Click here to explore the factory process flow page.

Resources[edit | edit source]

Resources Icon-JJBnrDwmVS9r.svg
 Looking for software packages, professional services, or wish to connect with industry experts? The following pages contain information on these three items. A direct link to CKN's Resource Directory can also be found here.

Click here to explore the resources page.



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About Help

Engineered materials (designed to have specific properties) made from two or more constituent materials with different physical or chemical properties. The constituents remain separate and distinct on a macroscopic level within the finished structure.

Sizing or fibre sizing refers to a coating that is applied to fibre during manufacturing. Highly proprietary (formulation and process).

Sizing serves two functions:

  • Protects and aids fibre during processing
  • Aids in the bonding of fibre and matrix

The capability of the manufacturing process to produce parts of acceptable quality (e.g. meet engineering, manufacturing, regulatory requirements), repeatably and robustly.

Retrieved from "https://compositeskn.org/KPC/index.php?title=A5&oldid=6509"
CKN KPC logo

Welcome

Welcome to the CKN Knowledge in Practice Centre (KPC). The KPC is a resource for learning and applying scientific knowledge to the practice of composites manufacturing. As you navigate around the KPC, refer back to the information on this right-hand pane as a resource for understanding the intricacies of composites processing and why the KPC is laid out in the way that it is. The following video explains the KPC approach:

Understanding Composites Processing

The Knowledge in Practice Centre (KPC) is centered around a structured method of thinking about composite material manufacturing. From the top down, the heirarchy consists of:

The way that the material, shape, tooling & consumables and equipment (abbreviated as MSTE) interact with each other during a process step is critical to the outcome of the manufacturing step, and ultimately critical to the quality of the finished part. The interactions between MSTE during a process step can be numerous and complex, but the Knowledge in Practice Centre aims to make you aware of these interactions, understand how one parameter affects another, and understand how to analyze the problem using a systems based approach. Using this approach, the factory can then be developed with a complete understanding and control of all interactions.

The relationship between material, shape, tooling & consumables and equipment during a process step


Interrelationship of Function, Shape, Material & Process

Design for manufacturing is critical to ensuring the producibility of a part. Trouble arises when it is considered too late or not at all in the design process. Conversely, process design (controlling the interactions between shape, material, tooling & consumables and equipment to achieve a desired outcome) must always consider the shape and material of the part. Ashby has developed and popularized the approach linking design (function) to the choice of material and shape, which influence the process selected and vice versa, as shown below:

The relationship between function, material, shape and process


Within the Knowledge in Practice Centre the same methodology is applied but the process is more fully defined by also explicitly calling out the equipment and tooling & consumables. Note that in common usage, a process which consists of many steps can be arbitrarily defined by just one step, e.g. "spray-up". Though convenient, this can be misleading.

The relationship between function, material, shape and process consisting of Equipment and Tooling and consumables


Workflows

The KPC's Practice and Case Study volumes consist of three types of workflows:

  • Development - Analyzing the interactions between MSTE in the process steps to make decisions on processing parameters and understanding how the process steps and factory cells fit within the factory.
  • Troubleshooting - Guiding you to possible causes of processing issues affecting either cost, rate or quality and directing you to the most appropriate development workflow to improve the process
  • Optimization - An expansion on the development workflows where a larger number of options are considered to achieve the best mixture of cost, rate & quality for your application.
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